PHILADELPHIA 




HISTORIC, CENTRAL 
METROPOLITAN and INDUSTRIAL 



HISTORIC 
PHILADELPHIA 



HISTORIC 

CENTRAL 

METROPOLITAN 

INDUSTRIAL 







PUBLISHED, 1922, BY 

THE PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY 

INDEPENDENCE SQUARE 

PHILADELPHIA 






COPYRIGHT, IQ22, KY 

PUBLIC LEDGER COMPANY 

INDEPENDENCE SQUARE 

PHILADELPHIA 

U. S. A. 






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HISTORIC 
PHILADELPHIA 



CHAPTER I 



AN INVITATION 
Bring Tour Children to Philadelphia 



W£ DEBT that every 

Agcp parent owes his 
fxf children is a trip 
|Sj. to Philadelphia. 
5§j^ In every school 
history of the United States, 
Philadelphia of necessity takes 
foremost place, and of all Ameri- 
can cities which took prominent 
and active parts in giving their 
children the heritage of mde- 
pendence, Philadelphia preserves 
intact more of the actual scenes 
where our forefathers worked to 
found a great liberty-loving 
people than any other. 

Philadelphia is unique among 
American cities for the richness 
with which it has treasured these 
landmarks, just as they stood two 
and even three centuries ago. 
In the presence of these land- 



marks one feels the impulses that 
guided our ancestors, seems to see 
reacted the successive events 
which shaped our destiny, and 
gains a finer conception of the 
purpose for which this nation 
was established. 

Your children should stand in 
the inspiring and patriotic pres- 
ence of such surroundings. 

You and the business men of 
the United States, whether you 
visit the two great cities of the 
Atlantic seaboard seldom or often, 
whether you come from the East, 
West, North, or South, should 
bring the members of your family 
along, so that while you are 
attending to the business that 
brings you, they can have the 
happiness of later telling their 
friends that they have made a 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



pilgrimage to Valley Forge and 
stood upon Observation Tower 
and viewed the scene upon 'which 
Washington and his men suffered 
that liberty might live. 

Valley Forge is a suburb of 
Philadelphia. It is less than an 
hour from the city by automobile, 
and convenient train service is 
always to be had. 

Philadelphia is only two hours 
distant by tram from New York. 
If your business or other interests 
call you to New York, you will 
find it a pleasurable diversion for 
yourself and family to set aside 
a day or two in which to become 
intimately acquainted with his- 
toric, central, metropolitan, and 
industrial Philadelphia. 

In this book are pictured a few of 
the many buildings a visit to which 
should be the ambition of every 
American citizen; a part of the 
education of every American child. 

A Passion for Liberty 

The impulse which led to the 
foundation of Philadelphia has 
dominated the history of the 
western hemisphere. It was the 
passion for liberty. 



William Penn, the son of an 
English Admiral, had become a 
convert to the doctrines of the 
Society of Friends. 

The bitter persecution of him- 
self and his fellow Quakers in- 
spired Penn with the idea of cre- 
ating a colony where there would 
be liberty of conscience and free- 
dom from oppression. 

In payment of a debt owed to 
his father by the British Crown, 
he accepted a large territory in 
the American wilderness, to which 
King Charles II. gave the name 
Pennsylvania. 

The Treaty 'Njever Broken 

Penn, " as ft a man as any in 
Europe to plant a country" sent 
representatives ahead with instruc- 
tions to lay out a " green country 
towne which will never be burnt 
and always wholesome." In 
November, 1682, he arrived on 
the ship Welcome, with one 
hundred companions. 

One of his first and most 
characteristic acts was to make 
a league of friendship with the 
Indians, which, in the words of 
Voltaire, was "the only treaty 
between these people and the 



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HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



Christians which was never sworn 
to and never broken" By paying 
the Indians for the land which 
already had been granted him by 
the King, he won a confidence 
which resulted in peace between 
them and the infant colony for 
eighty years. 

The spot where this treaty was 
made, at Shackamaxon, or 
Kensington, on the Delaware 
River, is now a small park, where 
a monument marks the site of the 
great elm tree under which Penn 
stood. 

Perm's House 

For several years Penn and his 
family lived in the first brick 
house built in Philadelphia, then 
on Letitia Court near the water' 
front. When he returned to 
England, this house became the 
first State House of the province. 

It has been moved to Fair' 
mount Park, where it is preserved 
in its original condition. It con' 
tains various relics of the founder, 
and is open to the public. 

A Government of the People 
As the proprietor of the prov 
ince, Penn had the authority to 



rule as an autocrat. This power, 
however, he transferred to the 
people. It was his ambition to 
"frame a government which 
might be an example," to make 
men " as free and happy as they 
could be." The constitution which 
he drew was indeed a remarkable 
document, far in advance of the 
times, and laid the foundations of 
" government of the people, by the 
people, and for the people" 

It created an assembly and a 
council, made up of representa' 
tives elected by popular vote. It 
promised liberty of worship. It 
permitted colonists from other 
countries than England to become 
naturalised citizens. It instituted 
trial by jury, and abolished capital 
punishment except for murder and 
treason. Public schools were pro' 
vided, in which all children of the 
age of twelve were required to " be 
taught some useful trade or skill." 

Having set forth his own ideas 
of government, Penn further 
proved his wisdom and liberality 
by saying to his people, a few 
years later: "Friends, if in the 
constitution by charter there be 
anything that jars, alter it. If you 



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HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



want a law for this or that, pre' 
pare it." 

Accordingly, in 1701 a revised 
constitution was adopted. 

Until the Revolution this con' 
stitution remained in force, and 
it had great influence upon the 
constitutions not only of other 
States, but of the Federal Govern' 
rnent itself. 

On old Lancaster Road, or 
Montgomery Avenue, in Merion, 
still stands the ancient meeting' 
house in which William Penn 
worshiped. Built in 1695, this is 
probably the oldest place of wop 
ship in America which has been 
used continuously up to the pres' 
ent time. Other venerable Quaker 
meeting-houses are also to be seen 
in and about the city; notably one 
at Radnor. 

The Swedes 

While Penn was the actual 
founder of the city, he had been 
preceded by other settlers with 
the same ideals of freedom. 

Gustavus Adolphus, that "val- 
iant king" of Sweden, planned to 
send colonists to America to found 
"a free state where the laborer 
should reap the fruits of his toil, 



where the rights of conscience 
should be inviolate, . . . where 
all should be secure in their per- 
sons, their property and their 
rights of conscience" These col- 
onists were sent out, after the 
death of the King, in 1637, and 
when Penn arrived he found them 
clustered at various points along 
the Delaware River — "simple and 
ingenuous peasants and farmers 
who left a decided and durable 



impress 



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A memorial of these people 
remains in their church, Gloria 
Dei, which stands on Swanson 
Street near Front Street. On this 
site a block'house for protection 
against the Indians was built in 
1669. The present church was 
completed in 1 700. It is the oldest 
church within the city limits, and 
one of the oldest in America. 
When first erected, it was " the 
finest edifice in the towne." 

The First American Advertiser 
Among the American institu- 
tutions of which Penn was the 
pioneer was that of advertising. 
He promoted his province aggres- 
sively, and sent back to Europe 
a steady flow of attractive pub' 




GLORIA DEI, or Old Swedes Church, built in 1700 by the Swedish Colonists who had preceded Penn. 
It was, when built, " the finest edifice in the towne." On Swanson Street, near Front and Christian. 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



licity which awakened a lively 
interest and brought ship-loads of 
the persecuted of many faiths and 
many nationalities. 

^ I dare not deny others what I 
crave for myself — liberty for the 
exercise of my religion" he said. 

The immigrants included many 
Germans, led by Pastorius, who 
settled in Germantown and built 
there, in 1708, the first Mennonite 
meeting house; the Tunkers, or 
Dunkards, exiles from Holland; 
and the aristocratic Welsh, who 
are still remembered for the quaint, 
mouth-filling names which they 
gave to many of the localities 
about the city. 

The Birth of American Learning. 

America is indebted to Phila- 
delphia not only for its ideals of 
freedom, but also for many of its 
ideals of culture. Very early the 
city began to establish the insti- 
tutions which have profoundly 
affected the development of edu- 
cation and science throughout the 
nation. 

Universal education having 
been made compulsory by the 
charter, a school was opened in 
1683. In 1689 was established the 



first grammar school. This, the 
first chartered public school in 
America, still exists as the 
Venn Charter School, in Twelfth 
Street, near Chestnut. 

The Junto, founded by Benja- 
min Franklin in 1727, became 
later the American Philosophical 
Society, which undoubtedly con- 
tributed more than any other 
organisation to the spread of 
knowledge and the advancement 
of science in the United States. 

Among the fourteen charter 
members of this society was John 
Bartram. 

Bartram' s Gardens 
Perhaps the first American 
achievement to draw the atten- 
tion of European scientists was 
the creation by Bartram, in 1728, 
of the frst botanic garden in the 
new world. 

* The greatest natural botanist 
in the world," Bartram made the 
first study of the plant life of the 
new continent. His garden, and 
the stone house which he built 
with his own hands in 173 1, are 
still preserved. 
They are on the Schuylkill 



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River in West Philadelphia, near 
Fifty-fourth Street and Woodland 
Avenue, and may be reached by 
railroad or trolley. 

Among the interesting features 
of this unique garden are a 
cypress tree, with a girth of more 
than 27 feet, which Bartram 
brought as a sapling from Caro- 
lina ; the Franklin Tree, a variety 
now extinct; and a "Christ's 
Thorn," sent from Jerusalem by 
Collinson, one of the great English 
botanists who constantly ex- 
changed specimens and wisdom 
with this earliest of American 
scientists. 

Rittenhouse 

Another international figure, in 
a different field, was David Ritten- 
house. Bartram scanned the earth, 
Rittenhouse the sky. As an 
astronomer, mathematician and 
philosopher he became a rival 
and colleague of the most dis- 
tinguished scientists in the old 
world. 

It has been said that " The first 
approximately accurate results in 
the measurements of the spheres 
were given to the world, not by 
the schooled and salaried astrow 



mers who watched from the mag- 
nificent royal observatories of 
Europe, but by unpaid amateurs 
and devotees to science in the 
youthful province of Pennsylvania" 
The birthplace of Rittenhouse 
stands on Wissahickon Creek in 
Fairmount Park, near the site of 
the first paper mill in America, 
erected by his great-grandfather. 

Benjamin Franklin 
The most dominant personality 
during the days preceding the 
Revolution was that of Benjamin 
Franklin. 

Franklin created the first circu- 
lating library in America, which 
imported from London in 1732 a 
large collection of books, many of 
which are still on the shelves of 
the Philadelphia Library at Locust 
and Juniper Streets, and of the 
handsome Ridgway Branch on 
South Broad Street, where also 
the original corner-stone is pre- 
served. 

In the library there is a file of 
the ^Pennsylvania Gazette," 
established by Franklin, one of 
the first American periodicals, and 
since become the greatest under 
its new title, "The Saturday 
Evening Post." 



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HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



The first hospital in America 
devoted to the relief of the sick 
was the Pennsylvania Hospital, 
established in 1750, with Frank- 
lin as a leading spirit. 

Franklin in 1749 raised the 
funds which established one of 
the first great educational institu- 
tions in America, now the 
University of Pennsylvania. 

Pioneer Civic Institutions 
Franklin invented the lightning- 
rod and the movable Franklin 
stove, or " Pennsylvania fireplace." 
He laid the foundations of the 
science of meteorology, he organ- 
ized fire protection, street paving, 
lighting and cleaning, and many 
other civic institutions which 
American citizens of today owe 
to the energy and foresight of 
the early Philadelphians who 
recognized his leadership. 

Frantyin Relics 

Many interesting relics of 
Franklin are on display at the 
Pennsylvania Historical Society, 
Thirteenth and Locust Streets, 
and at the University of Penn- 
sylvania. 

Franklin's grave is marked by 
a simple tablet in the burial 



ground of Christ Church, at Fifth 
and Arch Streets. 

Christ Church 

Christ Church itself, which he 
attended, is one of the most inter- 
esting of the historic structures 
of the city. It is on Second Street 
north of Market. 

Among the congregation of this 
church were many of the most 
able Americans of the Revolu- 
tionary days. Here not only 
Franklin, but Washington, Lafa- 
yette, Adams, Hopkinson, Morris 
and other patriots worshiped. 

For many years the Anglican 
party struggled against the power 
of the Quakers, even going so 
far as to petition the British 
King to dissolve the proprietary 
government and to rule the 
colony as an English province. 
But as the oppression of England 
became more and more severe, the 
congregation of Christ Church 
became the most ardent advocates 
of revolution, and they supplied 
most of the funds and much of 
the sagacity and heroism which 
made America finally free. 

The present church building 




CHRIST CHURCH, where Washington, Franklin, and Lafayette worshiped. Completed in 1744, this 

church had important influence upon the birth of the American republic. 

On Second Street, north of Market. 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



was completed in 1744. In the 
steeple still hangs the chime of 
eight bells, which rang in 1776 
in celebration of the Declaration 
of Independence. Steeple and 
bells were paid for by a lottery of 
which Franklin was manager. 

The First Congress 

In the Revolution, Philadelphia 
was " the fulcrum which turned a 
long lever" 

" The capital of the infant nation, 
the great depot of supplies for the 
Continental Army, the asylum of 
exiles fleeing from British oppres- 
sion, the theatre of most impor- 
tant movements and events, she 
played a grand and imposing role 
in the great drama." 

When the struggle against taxa- 
tion without representation cul- 
minated in 1774 in the closing of 
the port of Boston, Paul Revere 
came to Philadelphia to seek ad- 
vice and support. The response 
was a call for a Continental Con- 
gress. 

This Congress met in Septem- 
ber, 1774, in Carpenters' Hall, with 
delegates present from eleven of 
the thirteen provinces, among 
them Washington, Patrick Henry, 



Hancock, Lee, Randolph, the 
Adamses — a gathering of the 
strongest men in America. 

For six weeks the Congress de- 
liberated in secret, and finally 
brought forth propositions in 
statesmanship which startled the 
world by their dignity, their force 
and their determination to unite 
in resistance to injustice. 

Carpenters'' Hall 

Carpenters 1 Hall, which is off 
Chestnut Street between Third 
and Fourth Streets, appears today 
just as it did in that momentous 
time. Among the relics are the 
original arm-chairs in which the 
members of the first Congress sat, 
and many historic documents. It 
is open to the public free. 

During the Revolution the base- 
ment of the hall was a magazine 
for ammunition, and while the 
British occupied the city, the upper 
floors were used as a hospital. 

The first ban\ of the United 
States occupied the hall from 1791 
to 1797, and thereafter it served 
for many years as a custom house. 
It was also used for a period by 
the Supreme Court. 

Thus this fine old structure ful- 




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CARPENTERS' HALL, meeting place of the first Continental Congress in 1774, which " conceived that 

liberty which had its birth in Independence Hall." Off Chestnut Street, between Third and 

Fourth Streets. Contains many relics. Open to the public free. 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



filled many and varied useful pur- 
poses throughout the youth of the 
nation. 

Independence Hall 
"No building in the United 
States," writes Agnes Repplier, 
"has an historic interest compar- 
able to that of the Philadelphia 
State House, the birthplace of our 
national life. Its venerable walls 
heard the vehement denunciations 
hurled against the Stamp Act, and 
the still more vehement resolu- 
tions which sent Captain Ayres 
and his shipload of tea back to 
the port of London. Here, after the 
battle of Lexington, assembled that 
eager, angry crowd who expressed 
the sentiments of the whole peo- 
ple in a single curt resolution, 
' to defend with arms their property, 
liberty and lives! Here Washing- 
ton was appointed commander- 
in-chief of the Army, and here 
Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, 
moved, on the seventh of June, 
1776, that 'these United Colonies 
are, and of right ought to be, free 
and independent States ; that they 
are absolved from all allegiance to 
the British Crown, and that all 
political connection between them 



and the State of Great Britain is, 
and ought to be, totally dissolved. " 
From the little observatory the 
Declaration of Independence was 
read aloud." 

The Liberty Bell 

The greatest treasure of Phila- 
delphia is the immortal bell which 
hangs in the main corridor of the 
Hall, where the visitor may ex- 
amine it closely and read the pro- 
phetic words inscribed upon it 
when it was first cast, twenty- 
four years before the Declaration 
— ™ Proclaim Liberty throughout 
all the land unto all the inhabitants 
thereof— Lev. XXV: V, X" 

For 80 years this bell rang out 
the successive epochs in American 
history. It was muffled and tolled 
when the Stamp Act went into 
effect. It summoned the citizens 
to refuse landing to the shiploads 
of tea. It celebrated the surrender 
of Lord Cornwallis, and in 1783 
the proclamation of peace. It 
finally cracked in 1835 while being 
tolled for the death of Chief Jus- 
tice Marshall. 

Sacred Relics 
Not only the bell, but many 
other sacred relics arc exhibited 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



in Independence Hall — collections 
which will reward the patriotic 
American, no matter how far he 
journeys to see them. Here are 
the mahogany table on which the 
Declaration of Independence was 
signed, the great silver inkstand 
into which the signers dipped their 
determined pens, the quill box and 
the sand shaker. Here are the 
chairs in which Washington and 
the other delegates sat, and the 
fac-simile of the original Declara- 
tion. On the walls are many his- 
toric portraits, and in the cases 
old uniforms, weapons, cannon 
balls, documents and other mem- 
orabilia. 

The house where the Declaration 
of Independence was written by 
Thomas Jefferson is no longer 
standing, but the spot, on Market 
Street at the corner of Seventh, 
is marked by a bronze tablet. 

The First American Flag 
It was but natural that Phila- 
delphia, the birthplace of freedom, 
should also be the birthplace of 
the flag which symbolizes that 
freedom. 

The first Stars and Stripes was 
made in 1777, by Betsy Ross. 



Tradition says that the design was 
suggested by Washington, for 
whom Betsy Ross had made ruffled 
shirt bosoms. She made the flag 
in her home at 239 Arch Street, 
and it floated for the first time 
over Congress in session at Inde- 
pendence Hall. The quaint little 
house is open to the public and 
contains various relics. 

The Revolution 

Throughout the struggle for in- 
dependence, Philadelphia bore 
" the burden and heat of the day. 
It was to Philadelphia, her wealth, 
her patriotism, her resources, that 
all eyes turned during the darkest 
hours of the Revolution.' 1 '' 

There are many places which 
recall the scenes and personalities 
of those days. In Fairmount Park 
are several notable old houses — 
on Lemon Hill, the home of Robert 
Morris, who as Superintendent of 
Finance during the Revolution, as 
well as by his personal financial 
support, saved the infant nation; 
on Mount Pleasant, the home of 
the traitor, Benedict Arnold; 
Belmont Mansion, the home of 
Richard Peters, the Secretary of 
War; the Livezey House, where 



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BETSY ROSS HOUSE, where the first American flag was made in 1777 by Elisabeth Ross, by order of 
Congress. 239 Arch Street, below Third Street. Open to the public free. 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



British and American officers frat- 
ernized while the city was in the 
hands of the British. 
Germantown 

In Germantown are many his- 
toric buildings. This ancient 
section of Philadelphia has a his- 
tory of its own. It was founded 
in 1683 by Mennonites and 
others whom Penn invited to 
come to the new colony to escape 
the persecution of the German 
Government. The Qjia\ers of 
Germantown, in 1688, were the 
first to protest against slavery in 
America. 

The most important operations 
of the Revolution took place 
about this community. In the 
critical campaign the Battle of 
Germantown, although a techni- 
cal defeat, revived the flagging 
spirits of the army and the nation, 
because it showed that the little 
American army was capable of 
taking the offensive against the 
trained British troops. 

The Chew Mansion 
This battle centered round 
Cliveden, the mansion of Benja- 
min Chew. A small British force 
took refuge in this house and 



barred the attack of the Ameri- 
cans. On the walls and doors of 
the sturdy old mansion may still 
be seen the scars made by the 
American shot. 

This house is at Main and 
Johnson Streets, reached by trolley. 

Valley Forge 

Surrounding Philadelphia are 
other localities of great historic 
significance, including the Brandy 
wine country and the battlefields 
of Paoli and Red Ban\. 

At Valley Forge may be seen 
the old forts and intrenchments 
in which Washington's army 
spent the terrible winter of 1777- 
78, and the house which Wash- 
ington used as headquarters, in 
which is an interesting collection 
of relics. Valley Forge is now a 
national park of 500 acres. It is 
reached by the Reading Rail- 
way, by motor, or by 'bus from 
the city. 

The 7s[t'u» Republic 
After peace was declared, Phila- 
delphia continued the chief city of 
the new republic. Delegates from 
the thirteen States met in Inde- 
pendence Hall in. 1787, and after 
four months of deliberation 






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HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



framed the Federal Constitution. 
Washington was here elected 
the first President in 1789. 

Congress selected Philadelphia 
as the national capital, and in 1790 
the Government was set up here. 

Congress Hall 

The first Senate and House of 
Representatives met in Congress 
Hall, which adjoins Independence 
Hall on Chestnut Street. 

In this hall was delivered 
Washington's Farewell Address 
in 1796. 

Other notable buildings in the 
same group are that at Fifth and 
Chestnut Streets, occupied by the 
Supreme Court from 1 791 to 1800, 
and which contains the l^ational 
Museum of the Sons of the Revo- 
lution, and that of the American 
Philosophical Society on Fifth 
Street, in which are numerous 
relics. 

The Civil War 

Although in 1800 Philadelphia 
ceased to be the capital, it has 
never lost its importance as a 
national center. 

It was a Philadelphian, Stephen 
Girard, who in the war of 18 12 



followed the example set in the 
Revolution by Morris, and sup- 
plied the money that financed the 
country, and in the Civil War 
Jay Cooke, another Philadelphian, 
was the financial genius who sold 
Lincoln's war bonds when Gov 
ernment credit was at low ebb. 

The first American locomotive, 
"Old Ironsides ," was built m 
Philadelphia in 1832, and Phila- 
delphia naturally became the 
center of the network of railways 
which brought about victory for 
the Union cause. Philadelphia 
shipyards launched most of the 
men-of-war which held oft foreign 
intervention, while her arsenals 
supplied a large share of the 
munitions. 

An interesting memorial of the 
Civil War is the log hut used as 
winter headquarters by General 
Grant in 1864-65, now standing 
in Fairmount Park. 

The Centennial Exhibition 

The rapid development of 
Philadelphia after the Civil War 
as a center of industry resulted 
in the decision to celebrate the 
centennial of American Indepen- 
dence with the first World's Fair 










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CONGRESS HALL, where the first Congress of the United States sat, while Philadelphia was the national 

capital, and where Washington delivered his famous Farewell Address. 

Corner Sixth and Chestnut Streets. 



HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



ever held on this continent. That 
event is still remembered by 
hundreds of thousands of those 
who visited it. In the nearly 200 
buildings were housed exhibits 
from every State and many foreign 
Governments. 

Remarkable as was that Expo- 
sition, it soon is to be rivaled 
industrially, commercially, scien- 
tifically, and artistically by the 
Sesqui'Centennial, which will 
make Philadelphia the focal point 
in the eyes of all the world. 

Two of the Centennial buildings 
remain. One is Horticultural Hall, 
which contains a remarkable col- 
lection of rare plants and flowers, 
many of which were gathered for 
the Exposition. The other is Me- 
morial Hall, built as a permanent 
monument to the Exposition. The 
latter contains many exhibits of 
fine paintings and other works of 
art. It is open to the public free. 

The City Today 
The glory of Philadelphia has 
never departed. Founded upon 
ideals of peace, its destiny has 
been to swing the mightiest sword 
in war after war. And in 19 18, 



in the greatest of all wars, its 
service was no less. 

Half of the ships which bridged 
the ocean to France were built in 
the yards of the Delaware River. 

Philadelphia foundries turned 
out great guns and the shells 
which they hurled. From its 
locomotive works went forth the 
engines which drew American 
troops and their supplies along 
the railways of Philadelphia steel 
laid down in France under the 
leadership of Philadelphians. It 
produced aeroplanes, rifles and 
bullets, uniforms and shoes, gas 
masks and gas itself. There was 
no item of munition or equipment 
demanded by the military forces 
which Philadelphia did not supply 
in great quantities, and, as of old, 
she supplied, too, a generous share 
of the wealth with which to pay 
the costs of war and to relieve 
the suffering caused by the war. 

Thus does Philadelphia sustain 
its glorious record. 

It is a record of devotion to the 
ideal of democracy, which expresses 
completely the past, the present, 
and the future of the United 
States of America. 



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HISTORIC PHILADELPHIA 



VALLEY 

A Shrine 

NO visitor to the patriotic 
shrines of Philadelphia has 
completed his cycle without a 
trip to Valley Forge, where 
Washington, that patriotic leader 
of the Continental Army, passed 
the "winter of his discontent." 

With the occupation of Phila' 
delphia by the British in 1777, 
Washington withdrew the Con' 
tinental Army, numbering some 
11,000, to this strategic point, 
twentyfour miles north by 
northwest from Philadelphia. 
Food and clothing were made 
quate ; great privations resulted. 

The Pennsylvania Legislature 
grumbled seriously at this retire 
ment to winter quarters, and on 
December 23, 1777, Washington 
wrote, in reply to the com' 
plaints: "For want of a two 
days' supply of provisions an 
opportunity scarcely ever offered 
of taking advantage of the 
enemy that has not been either 
totally obstructed or greatly 
impeded. We have this day 
no less than 2873 men in camp 
unfit for duty, because they are 



FORGE 

of Liberty 

barefooted and otherwise naked. 11 
From the lofty Valley Forge 
observation tower may be seen 
the wide'spreading panorama of 
hills and valleys occupied by 
the ragged, barefoot troops, who 
huddled throughout the chilly 
nights over inadequate camp fires, 
or whose bloody footprints stained 
the paths of their patrols. Fac- 
similes of the log huts occupied 
by the troops have been erected, 
the headquarters of Washington 
have been restored, and guide' 
marks lead to the ragged outlines 
of the original trenches dug by 
the American troops. 

In 1903 final steps were taken 
by the State Legislature to make 
Valley Forge a State Park. 

Valley Forge may be reached 
by the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railway, or by automobile, from 
Philadelphia through the Park' 
way, starting at City Hall and 
thence through Fairmount Park 
to City Line, south on City Line 
to Lancaster Pike, right turn con- 
tinuing west and branching north 
at Wayne. 



CENTRAL 
PHILADELPHIA 



CHAPTER II 



A SERIES OF DRAWINGS 
ILLUSTRATING THE CIVIC, 
COMMERCIAL, SOCIAL AND 
EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES 
OF THE CITY 



I 



JjT is the fault of 
W? Philadelphia and 
gf Philadelphians, if 
jgj. modesty be a fault, 

S8WTO& that the rest of 

America is not more widely ac- 
quainted with the outstanding 
commercial and industrial facts 
that have made Philadelphia "The 
Workshop of the World." 

This book seeks to make these 
facts more widely known among 
men of affairs of the Nation. 

Along the Delaware River 
waterfront of the city proper are 
the docks and the great ships which 
come from the seven seas that 
make Philadelphia the second 
largest port in America. 



On the banks of the Delaware 
are such great shipbuilding plants 
as Cramps 1 , the Federal Govern- 
ment's great Navy Yard, at League 
Island, the New York Shipbuilding 
Company, on the Jersey shore, and 
along the edge of its waters sprang 
up that wonder-work of the 
world, Hog Island, which sent 
ships down to the sea on the 
bosom of the Delaware River to 
help civilization win the World 
War. 

There are Americans who do 
not know that the Delaware 
River is navigable to the greatest 
ships afloat. 

Philadelphia has been backward 
in but one respect — she has not 



CENTRAL 



PHILADELPHIA 



been boastful, but, on the other 
hand, has been too quietly diligent 
as a throbbing center of industry 
and commerce. 

She has retained the deep im- 
pressions left by her Quaker 
founders. Characteristics which 
they gave it include simplicity, 
genuineness, and a quiet way of 
saying very little, but doing a 
great deal and doing it well. 

In the title of this chapter the 
word central is used with three 
fold meaning. 

First, the drawings present some 
of the most significant and inter- 
esting buildings, streets and other 
features of the central section. 

Second, they picture the thor- 
oughness with which Philadelphia 
meets its resoonsibilities as the 
center of a broad metropolitan 
area — its railway terminals and 
hotels, its stores, banks and 
business houses, its clubs and 
amusements, its institutions of 
art, learning and social service 
— its complete equipment for all 
the activities of modern life. 

Third, the book seeks to suggest 
how peculiarly the city is a center 
for the entire nation. 



Influential as Philadelphia has 
been in generations gone, it is to- 
day more dominant than ever. Its 
commerce is international ; its ships 
visit every sea; its railroads weave 
the continent together; its fac- 
tories clothe and feed, enter- 
tain, and make shelter for people 
everywhere. 

Those who pass judgment at 
a venture, and those who take 
their opinions ready made, have 
sometimes compared Philadelphia 
unfavorably with newer, noisier 
or more outspoken communities. 
Because Philadelphia has not 
bothered to refute the comparison, 
the word has run on from mouth 
to mouth. Those, however, who 
have occasion to try the mettle of 
the city, to seek its patronage, or 
to contend with it for supremacy, 
find it far different. 

They find it eager for whatever 
is new and good, able to pay well 
for what it wants and loyal to 
that which it accepts. They find 
it happy, home-loving and hos- 
pitable. They find that it works 
hard, finds time to play and does 
considerable thinking. 






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The Central High School for Boys 
One of the H15 Buildings of the Great Public School Syste7>i 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE CENTER OF THE CITY 
City Hall and Broad Street Station 



WILLIAM PENN laid out 
his " Voire Greene Country 
Tow ne" with regular, wide streets, 
crossing at right angles. At the 
intersection of the two main 
thoroughfares, then far from 
the center of the town, now 
stands the mighty tower which 
fixes the axis of a great city. 

This tower, rising 537 feet and 
crowned by a statue of the city's 
founder, is a landmark for miles 
around. 

The City Hall, built entirely 
of marble, at a cost of $25,000/ 



000, is one of the most extensive 
public buildings in the country. 

The building is in the form of 
a hollow square with an impress 
sive courtyard within, under 
which runs the new subway now 
under construction. 

Broad Street Station, the termi' 
nal of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 
is on City Hall square. 

Philadelphia is the only one of 
America's great cities in which the 
railways are enabled to deliver their 
passengers at the very center of the 
hotel, theatre and shopping district. 







Cili/ Hall Courtyard 



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A view of City Hull and Broad Street Station in the a nter of the city 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



SOUTH BROAD STREET 

The Longest Straight Street in the Country 



HERE is pictured, as seen from 
the lofty tower of the City 
Hall, a portion of one of the 
most striking civic thoroughfares 
in America. 

Bordering both sides of the 
wide boulevard, in the very cen- 
ter of the city, are included 
within a short distance several 
famous hotels and clubs, theatres, 
great banks and fine shops, the 
Academy of Music, the School of 
Industrial Art and other 
institutions important in the 
complex and varied life of a 
metropolis. 



A little farther south are great 
manufacturing plants, and at the 
end of the street, five miles be' 
yond, the United States Navy 
Yard at League Island. 

Broad Street is the longest 
straight main street in the United 
States, running fourteen miles 
in a direct line north and 
south from the City Hall. Wide, 
well -paved, brightly lighted and 
free from car tracks, it is at all 
times swept by a stream of such 
brilliant and diversified traffic as 
is to be seen only in a few of 
the world's greatest cities. 




Entrance to City Hall Courtyard 





South Broad Street, as viewed from City Hall Tower, 5.17 feet above the city 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 

NORTH BROAD STREET 

The Lincoln Highway Route into the City 



T^ROM City Hall tower the 
-*- observer sees in the foreground 
Masonic Temple, a fine example 
of pure Norman achitecture. At 
the left is the striking building 
of the United Gas Improvement 
Company, a unique enterprise 
which has pioneered the exten- 
sion of public utility service far 
beyond the city's borders. Near 
by, just off Broad Street, is the 
Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion. Beyond is the Academy of 
Fine Arts, then two large armories, 
and Hahnemann Hospital. 
Along this stretch is Automobile 
Row, in which centers the huge 
trade m pleasure cars and trucks 
fostered by the wealth and com- 
merce of the city. 



A little farther on are the 
freight yards of the Philadelphia 
and Reading Railway, and adjoin- 
ing, the greatest industrial plant 
in the city, the Baldwin Loco- 
motive Works. A few yards from 
Broad Street at this point rise the 
Arabic turrets of Lu Lu 
Temple. 

Still farther out are many insti- 
tutions such as the Central High 
Schools, the Widener Memorial 
Library, Temple University, the 
Widener Home for Crippled 
Children, and the William L. 
Elkins Orphanage. 

Five miles from City Hall the 
Lincoln Highway enters Broad 
Street from the magnificent new 
Js[ortheast Boulevard. 





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.1 view of North Broad Street from City Hull Tower 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



A HISTORIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTION 

The Gxrard l^ational Ban\ 



ROBERT MORRIS financed 
- the Revolution; Stephen 
Girard the War of 1812; E. W. 
Clark the Mexican War; Jay 
Cooke the Civil War — Philadel- 
phians all. 

This fine Greek structure, in 
Third Street below Chestnut, 
typifies the service which Phila- 
delphia bankers have always 
rendered to the nation. For it 
was erected in 1795 to house the 
first Bank of the United States, 
established in Philadelphia four 
years earlier, in the presidency of 
George Washington. In 18 12 the 
building was taken over as a 
private bank by Stephen Girard, 
the eccentric mariner, merchant 
and philanthropist, who in 18 14 
lent to a distressed country the 
sum, tremendous in those times, 
of $5,000,000. 



The first banking institution of 
any kind m the new world had 
been established in Philadelphia 
in 1780. 

Here also came into being the 
first trust company, the first 
savings bank, the first building 
and loan association. 

Philadelphia capital has sent its 
stimulus into the farthest corners 
of the American continent. 

There is hardly a railroad in 
the building of which Philadel- 
phia financiers had not their 
share, while from coast to coast 
there are street railways, inter- 
urban lines and other public 
utilities, as well as great indus- 
tries and mines, which owe 
their development and their 
present-day efficiency to Philadel- 
phia courage and Philadelphia 
capital. 







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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



SOUTH FROM PENN SQUARE 

The Heart of the Financial District 



WITHIN a few hundred 
feet is here grouped, about 
the corner of Broad and Chestnut 
Streets, an extraordinary num- 
ber of powerful financial insti- 
tutions. 

One of the handsomest banking 
buildings in the country is that 
of the Girard Trust Company, in 
the center. One of the last crea- 
tions of Stanford White, it 
reproduces in design a famous 
Roman bath, and it is set off by 
towering skyscrapers on all sides. 

Philadelphia is America's sec- 
ond city in financial power. It 
has ioo banks and trust com- 
panies, with $200,000,000 capital 
and resources well above a billion. 
What gives it its peculiar strength, 
however, is the huge volume of 
trust funds held by these institu- 
tions. These funds aggregate 
more than a billion dollars. They 



represent the thrift, sagacity and 
philanthropy of Philadelphians of 
generations past. A list of the 
securities in which they are in- 
vested would be, in effect, a 
roster of the nation's activities, 
in every State, in every city. 

The manufacturer or the mer- 
chant seeking capital for the de- 
velopment of a sound enterprise 
will find in Philadelphia ready 
ears, keen judgment and ample 
resources. No industry, public 
utility or commercial venture 
deserving of support has ever 
languished in Philadelphia for 
lack of funds. 

The illustration shows, in 
addition to the Girard Trust 
Company, the buildings of the 
West End Trust Company and 
the Land Title and Trust Co. On 
the opposite corner is the Real 
Estate Trust Company building. 







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The Girard Trust Company, Broad and Chestnut Streets 
One of the last ami most beautiful of the architectural creations oj Stanford White 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



A CITY OF HOSPITALITY 

Philadelphia Is Famous for Its Hotels 



THE metropolitan character 
of a city is often best judged 
by its hotels. By this standard, 
as by many others, Philadelphia 
ranks high among the capitals of 
the world. 

Probably in no large city are the 
hotels so convenient, alike to the 
railway stations and to the busi- 
ness, shopping and theatre district. 

The visitor finds that he has a 
wide choice of accommodations, 
with assurance of complete com' 
fort at reasonable rates. 

For the entertainment of con' 
ventions, large or small, the city 
is ideally fitted. The hotels are so 
numerous and so closely grouped, 
that even the largest gatherings 
are readily absorbed, and it has 
never been the practice of their 
managements to take advantage 
of heavy demand to advance 
prices, as in some convention 
cities. This condition, combined 



with the accessibility of the city 
itself from the North, West and 
South, its nearness to great shore 
resorts and its own facilities for 
entertainment, attracts annually 
a large number of the most im- 
portant national and sectional 
conventions. 

To enlarge upon Philadelphia 
cookery is needless. It is enough 
merely to recall a few of those 
offerings which on menus every 
where are more tempting when 
prefaced by the word " Philadel- 
phia" — scrapple, oysters, pepper- 
pot, ice cream. With the ocean's 
finest shell' fish beds at its doors, 
with the garden States of Mary 
land and New Jersey near by, 
and with one of the two most 
fertile agricultural counties in 
America but a few miles to the 
west, Philadelphia draws its food 
supply from the richest sources 
in America. 













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The Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the Manufacturers' Club 














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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE STREET OF MILLIONS 

A World-Famous Group of Department Stores 



ALONG Market Street 
>• stretches, square after square 
in a solid row, one of the most 
remarkable groups of department 
stores in the world. These in- 
clude John Wanamaker's, N. 
Snellenburg 6? Company, Gimbel 
Brothers, Strawbridge 6? Clothier, 
and Lit Erothers. 

With a trading population of 
more than 3,000,000 to supply, 
these stores have developed the 
science of retail merchandising to 
the highest point. American de- 
partment store methods, in fact, 
originated in Philadelphia, and 
Philadelphia still has the largest 
and most advanced store in the 
world. Philadelphia retail practice 
has always been a criterion for the 
rest of the country. 



The reason for the exceptional 
character of these stores is found 
in the high purchasing power of 
the district. The per capita sales 
of goods are exceeded by no other 
major city. 

It is an accepted commercial fact 
that the Philadelphia demand is 
for goods of a higher quality and 
more substantial character. This 
rich trade deserves and receives 
a character of service beyond 
that offered by the stores of other 
cities. 

The manufacturer seeking a 
market for goods finds not only 
that the buying ability and in- 
telligence of Philadelphians are 
unusual, but also that there are 

ample and expert channels of diS' 

tribution at his disposal. 




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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



ON CHESTNUT STREET 

The Widener Building, Wanama\ers and the Hotel Adelphia 



PHILADELPHIA business 
men have found themselves 
able to carry on operations of 
great magnitude without climb' 
ine scores of stories above the 
street in towering skyscrapers. 

The many office buildings of 
the city are modern, well lighted, 
fireproof and well appointed. 

The Widener Building is one 
of the newest and most hand' 
some. It stands on Chestnut 
Street near Broad. 



Broad and Chestnut Streets is 
the heart of central Philadelphia. 
Chestnut Street is a great mart 
of retail trade. Tens of thou' 
sands of people line its sidewalks 
every business day, while the 
noble breadth of Broad Street is 
constantly the scene of great 
parades, some of them peculiarly 
typical of Philadelphia, notably 
the Mummer's Parade, held 
on New Year's Day each 
year. 




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.1 view of Chestnut Street, looking east from Broad Street 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE CUSTOM HOUSE 

On Chestnut Between Fourth and Fifth Streets 



THIS structure, modeled after 
the Parthenon at Athens, 
begun in 1819 and completed in 
1824, recalls a famous controversy 
between Nicholas Biddle, presi' 
dent of the Bank of the United 
States, and Andrew Jackson, 
then President of the United 
States. With that tenacity of 
purpose which has been a char' 
actenstic of a famous line of 
Biddies, the president of the 
Second Bank of the United States 
weathered successfully the storms 
of adversity directed against it by 
the Jackson administration and 
came out with flying colors in 
the face of the fact that the 
Federal Government virtually 
withdrew its entire support from 
the bank as a financial institution. 
In 1829 President Jackson, in 
his first message to Congress, 
criticised the bank, questioning 
its constitutionality and reflecting 
upon its management of the cup 
rency. The whole country was 
aroused by what was deemed to 
be an unmerited stricture on the 
administration of the bank by its 



president, Nicholas Biddle, and 
when, in 1832, it was sought to 
renew the charter, the political pot 
was at fever heat, both houses of 
Congress voting for its renewal; 
but President Jackson vetoed it, 
precipitating what has since been 
known in American history as 
the "bank war." General Jackson 
was reelected and at once ordered 
the removal of all of the govern' 
ment deposits. For four years the 
bank and Mr. Biddle were ex' 
posed to the animosity of partisan 
warfare, but Mr. Biddle kept the 
credit of the bank secure through 
all distress. So much so that 
Robert T. Conrad, a former 
Mayor of Philadelphia, in a notice 
of Nicholas Biddle, wrote : 

" On the removal of the deposits 
and at every subsequent act of 
hostility, it was exultingly pre 
claimed that the ruin of the bank 
was at length accomplished; yet, 
to the last hour of its chartered 
existence, it maintained a credit 
coextensive with the commercial 
world, and a prosperity that was 
tested, not shaken, by assaults.' 1 



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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



A CENTER OF VAST BUSINESS OPERATIONS 

The Philadelphia Bourse 



TMPORTANT as it is in in- 
J- dustry, Philadelphia is also 
dominant in wholesale commerce. 

In the Bourse, a great building 
similar to the bourses of European 
countries, and the only one of its 
kind in America, are centered 
many commercial organizations 
and the offices of many importers, 
wholesalers and manufacturers. 

From the city are tapped the 
rapidly expanding markets of the 
South, as well as those of Penn- 
sylvania and northern sections. 

The Bourse contains great ex- 
changes, where thousands of mer- 
chants transact business every 



day — the commercial exchange, 
which conducts the trade in grain, 
flour and provisions ; the maritime 
exchange, which represents ship- 
ping and marine interests, and the 
grocers and importers exchange, 
which holds auctions of foods. 

Bulletin boards display market 
quotations from all parts of the 
world, and direct wires run to 
every great trading center in 
America. 

In the basement is a permanent 
exhibit of machinery, tools and 
engines, representative of the pre- 
eminence of Philadelphia in the 
mechanical industries. 










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Hie Philadelphia Bourse, in Fifth Street between Chestnut tmrl Market 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



PENN MUTUAL INSURANCE BUILDING 

On Washington and Independence Squares 



IT is fitting that one of the 
most imposing buildings 
in Philadelphia represents one of 
the city's oldest and most highly 
developed fields of business. 

Insurance — provision against 
the future — early engaged the 
attention of the thrifty Philadel- 
phians, who pioneered so many 
movements which have been of 
enduring value to the whole 
nation. The first fire insurance 
company was founded here. 
Ever since, Philadelphia has been 



dominant in insurance activities. 
Many of the most important 
insurance methods have been crc 
ated here, and Philadelphia com- 
panies have done much to build 
up an understanding of the funda- 
mentals of insurance throughout 
the country. 

The life insurance companies 
whose home offices are in Phila,' 
delphia have, today, more than a 
half billion policyholders and out- 
standing insurance of a billion and 
a quarter dollars. 



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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE UNITED STATES MINT 

The Largest and Best Equipped in the V/orld 



|"F Philadelphia is notable for 
•*- the acquisition of money, it is 
equally notable for the production 
of money. 

Two'thirds of all the coins 
■which pass into currency in this 
country are produced in this 
building at Seventeenth and 
Spring Garden Streets. 

This is not only the largest and 
most imposing, but also the best' 



equipped coinage plant in the 
entire world. It was built espe- 
cially for the manufacture of 
money and contains the most 
highly developed modern machin- 
ery for that purpose. 

Important collections of coins 
and medals are on display, and 
the building is open to the pub' 
lie in normal times, although 
closed during the war. 




CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 

THE ACADEMY OF FINE ARTS 

The Foremost Art School of America 



SOME one has said that more 
great ideas had their begin' 
nings in Philadelphia than in any- 
other American city. That is true, 
but the corollary to it is sometimes 
overlooked — that in carrying for' 
ward most of these ideas, Phila' 
delphia still holds her original lead. 
This peculiarly applies to the 
field of art. The Pennsylvania 
Academy of Fine Arts was 
founded more than a century ago. 
It is the oldest institution devoted 
to the arts in the United States, 
and today, as always, it is still 
the finest art school. Its classes in 
drawing, painting and sculpture, 
conducted by the most notable 



instructors in the country, have 
produced and are still producing 
a high percentage of the best 
American artists. 

Its galleries contain works of 
many of the great masters, inv 
portant sculpture, a vast number 
of valuable prints and a collection 
of portraits of American heroes, 
including many by Gilbert Stuart. 

The annual exhibition of the 
Academy is regarded by artists 
everywhere as one of the most 
important events of the year, and 
many of them make it a practice 
to send their best work to be 
shown in Philadelphia before 
going to other cities. 






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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



PHILADELPHIA'S ACADEMY OF MUSIC 



THE corner stone was laid in 
July, 1855, and the completed 
building was opened January 26, 
1857. It was planned to open 
this temple of music on January 
20th, but a severe snow storm 
blocked the streets and made 
traffic impossible. 

The first event was a grand 
concert ball, followed by five 
nights of promenade concerts. 

The first opera presented in the 
Academy was Verdfs 'Trova- 
tore," by Maratzek's Opera 
Company, direct from Havana. 

At the time of its erection, the 
Academy of Music attracted 
widespread notice, because of its 
siz,e, seating 3000 people, its large 
stage, 51 feet wide by 73 feet 
deep, its Italian Byzantine archi- 
tecture, its commodious entrance, 
and its unusual foyer, 73 feet long, 
27 feet wide, 18 feet high, with 
13-foot stairways at each end, 
leading to the balcony. 

"Faust" was first presented in 
the Academy of Music in 1872, 
"Notre Dame of Paris" in 1876, 
while Adaline Patti sang in the 
" Barber of Seville " in this build' 



ing in i860. It would be impos- 
sible to enumerate all of the 
operatic stars who have delighted 
Philadelphia audiences in this 
magnificent building. 

During the Civil War the 
Academy was the scene of many 
notable gatherings. On October 
23, 1865, a fair was held for the 
benefit of the Soldiers and Sailors 
Home. General Grant, General 
Meade, Admiral Farragut, and 
Bishop Simpson were prominent 
in the exercises. The fair closed 
November 4th, with net proceeds 
of $88,354.60. 

On Washington's Birthday 
Anniversary, 1873, the Academy 
was used to hold the first meet- 
ing of the committee planning the 
Centennial, Senator Cameron pre- 
siding. At this meeting, $1,784,- 
320 was reported pledged toward 
the project, which a Federal 
appropriation of a million within 
a few months made a certainty. 

The Academy of Music is at 
present the home of the Phila- 
delphia Orchestra and the scene 
of all Philadelphia's grand opera 
activities. 







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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE 

A J^lational Influence in Scientific Progress 



FOR close upon a century the 
Franklin Institute has wielded 
an influence upon the progress of 
science which has been felt 
throughout the world. Founded 
in 1828 for the promotion of the 
mechanical arts, the society has 
had 15,000 students, many of 
whom have risen to eminence in 
the professions for which it has 
trained them, and has been the 
model for many similar institu- 
tions in other cities. 

It conducts free courses of lee 
tures by scientific authorities, 
publishes an important journal 
and maintains a special library of 
great value. 

The society has given to the 
nation much significant service, as 



in the perfection of meteorological 
observation, in testing structural 
and mechanical materials for the 
Government, and in determining 
the proportions of screw threads 
adopted as the United States 
standard. 

There are many other efficient 
schools for vocational education. 
The School of Industrial Art 
teaches the arts as applied to 
handicraft, and includes a textile 
school which gives thorough 
training in all branches of textile 
manufacture, supporting the long- 
continued dominance of Philadel- 
phia in that industry. 

Drexel Institute offers practical 
courses in engineering, secretarial 
work and domestic science. 




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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



MASONIC TEMPLE 

The Home of the Oldest Grand Lodge in America 



THE first Masonic Grand Lodge 
in America, and the third in 
the entire world, was instituted in 
Philadelphia in 173 1. 

This Grand Lodge, which has 
had a distinguished history, is 
today housed in one of the most 
magnificent of all Masonic 
temples. The exterior of the 
massive building at Broad and 
Filbert Streets is of pure Nop 
man architecture. More than 
half a million dollars has been 
expended upon the interior. 
Among the many rooms are 
seven great halls, each decorated 
lavishly in the style of a different 
period — Corinthian, Renaissance, 
Ionic, Egyptian, Norman, Oriental 
and Gothic. 



Throughout the building are 
valuable carvings, sculpture, and 
mural paintings, and many por- 
traits of distinguished Pennsyl- 
vania Masons, among them George 
Washington, Marquis de La Fa- 
yette, who was an honorary mem- 
ber of the Grand Lodge of Penn- 
sylvania, and Benjamin Franklin, 
who was a Grand Master. 

The museum of Masonic lore is 
the most complete in the world. 
It includes priceless jewels and 
other insignia from every country, 
and many rare exhibits, such as 
the original apron used by 
George Washington as Master, 
and worn by him in 1793 when 
he laid the corner stone of the 
Capitol at Washington. 



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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE STREET OF LITTLE CLUBS 

A Picturesque Byway 



AMONG those who cherish 
-*- *- the quaintness which most 
American cities lack, Camac Street 
is widely known. 

Here in a narrow side street, 
just off the broad thoroughfares 
where the traffic roars, is a quiet 
cluster of some of the most attrac- 
tive small club houses in America. 

Philadelphia has its great social 
and business organizations, with 
quarters equal in grandeur and 
comfort to those of other cities, 
but it is most proud, perhaps, of 
its little clubs of artists, writers, 
and similar groups of the people 



who conspire to make life in 
Philadelphia interesting and 
inspiring, as well as industrious. 

The very names of these clubs 
are suggestive of their charm — 
Le Coin D'Or, The Stragglers, 
The Sketch Club, The Plastic 
Club, The Poor Richard Club, 
The Franklin Inn, The Meridian 
Club, the Princeton Club. 

The visitor to Philadelphia 
who is so fortunate as to be 
invited into any of these charac- 
teristic gathering places will find 
the interiors as well worth, while 
as the picturesque exteriors. 










The Franklin Inn Club 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE CURTIS BUILDING 

The Home of Three of Americas Greatest Publications 

The Ladies'' Home Journal 
The Saturday Evening Post 
The Country Gentleman 



IT is unquestionably the most 
notable publishing house in 
existence. It occupies the whole 
block between Sixth and Seventh 
and Walnut and Sansom Streets, 
and it faces on Independence 
Square, where stands Indepen- 
dence Hall and other buildings 
famed as Revolutionary land' 
marks. 

On the Walnut Street side it is 
flanked by Washington Square; 
thus two sides of this wonderful 
building face public parks. Visit- 
ors from all over America who 
come to Philadelphia to see its 
almost illimitable number of his- 
torical buildings and industrial 
structures include the Curtis 
Building in their itinerary, not 
alone for its classic exterior, but 
because of its beautiful interior. 

Mr. Curtis procured the site 
for this new building only after 



a great deal of thought, and ap- 
proved the plans for its con- 
struction only after the widest 
personal research work. In its 
planning, while he made every 
provision for it as a great manu- 
facturing plant which turns out 
millions of copies of his different 
publications weekly, he was cer- 
tain that he could provide a 
beautiful, a healthful, and a bene- 
ficial place for the thousands of 
men and women who participate 
in the production of these publi- 
cations in all departments. 

Rest rooms, recreation rooms, 
lunching rooms, and, to supple- 
ment all these, a wonderful coun- 
try club for his employees have 
been provided. All of these were 
visioned long before the first 
spadeful of earth was turned to 
put down the foundations of the 
great Curtis Building. 



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The must notable publishing house in the world, facing on Independence Square, wh it h is occupii d by 

one of America's shrines of liberty- -thi old Stair Houst 



CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



THE PRESENT HOME OF THE PUBLIC LEDGER 



THE Public Ledger occupies 
the oldest newspaper building 
in the United States and was the 
first building ever devoted exclu- 
sively to the publication of a 
newspaper. 

On Friday, March 25, 1836, at 
38 and 39 Arcade (61 5-6 19 
Chestnut Street), the first issue of 
The Public Ledger appeared. It 
was published by Swain, Abell 6? 
Simmons, printed on a hand press, 
a sheet 15K inches x 11 $4 inches, 
four columns to the page, and 
sold for six cents per week. The 
first issue bore, under the head- 
ing "Policy," this statement to 
the public : * The Ledger will 
worship no man and be devoted 
to no parties. The common good 
is its object. This paper will be 
published for at least one year." 

The first rotary press ever built 
was used. It was a four-cylinder 
press, invented by Richard M. 
Hoe and ordered by Mr. Swain 
before the details were perfected. 

Hard pressed during the Civil 
War by the paper shortage, The 
Ledger lost money, and was 
sold to Mr. George W. Childs 



in December, 1864. Mr. Childs 
increased the price of the paper 
to ten cents per week and ad- 
vanced the advertising rates. 
This policy caused a temporary 
loss of circulation and advertising 
revenue, but was basically sound, 
and soon the steady growth of 
The Ledger made necessary the 
building of a new publication 
office. 

The erection of this new build- 
ing was completed June 20, 1867. 
At the time of its erection the 
palatial brownstone structure was 
the finest and most complete 
printing establishment in Phila- 
delphia. Five stories in height, 
occupying 84 feet on Chestnut 
Street, 165 feet on Sixth Street, 
the building attracted widespread 
interest and comment. 

The ten-cylinder presses were 
started by Charles Dickens, who 
was glad to oblige his friend, 
George W. Childs, by this act. 

Soon the present Public Ledger 
building will be replaced by a far 
more commodious building, the 
completion of which is contem- 
plated by 1926. 









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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 



NEW HOME OF THE PUBLIC LEDGER 

Being Erected at Independence Square and Chestnut Street 



ACTUAL construction has 
^J^- started for the finest news- 
paper building in the United 
States, as the home of the Public 
Ledger (Morning, Evening, and 
Sunday editions), next to the 
great plant of the Curtis Publish' 
ing Company. 

It will occupy an entire square, 
and will be of brick and marble 
construction, ten stories in height. 
In architectural character, it 
will harmonize with the Curtis 
Building, as well as with the 
colonial lines of historic Inde- 
pendence Hall across the street. 
At the front entrance on Chestnut 
Street will be a portico of mono- 
lithic marble columns. 

The first unit of this building, 
which will be devoted to manu- 
facturing, will cost approximately 
$1,000,000, and the great battery 



of twelve presses have cost 
another $1,000,000. 

This is the largest single order 
ever given for printing presses 
since the art of printing first was 
discovered. 

They, of course, will represent 
the most recent accomplishment 
in the perfection of printing 
presses and will be augmented by a 
twenty-cylinder multi-color press, 
the output of which will be ap- 
proximately 20,000 papers an hour. 

If all of the thirty-six units of the 
new presses were to operate con- 
tinuously for an hour they could 
turn out 960,000 papers of twelve 
pages and as many as 240,000 
papers of forty-eight pages an hour. 

The intervening floors will be 
occupied by the editorial offices 
and other facilities of the Public 
Ledger and by tenants. 






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CENTRAL PHILADELPHIA 

THE PHILADELPHIA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 

Located at Tweljth and V/alnut Streets 

THE Philadelphia Chamber of development of the port, advance- 
Commerce, with a member- ment of the Sesqui-Centennial 
ship of more than 6000, is one of Exposition project, improvement 
the largest organizations of its of traffic conditions, the develop- 
kind in America. ment of better streets, better 

It is working continually for the water supply, better policing, and 
progress and development of com- better transit, and carrying on 
mercial and industrial Philadel- Americanization work, 
phia, not neglecting any of those In the new home of the Cham- 
broad civic undertakings which ber of Commerce, at Twelfth and 
add to the welfare of its citizens Walnut Streets, meeting and 
in the present and anticipate the reading rooms are at the disposal 
well-being of those of the future, of members. 

Both the civic work and the indi- The following committees all 
vidual effort are performed through are at work for Philadelphia : 
a corps of officers, all men of promi- Advisory, Agricultural, Ameri- 
nence in Philadelphia, through canization, Arbitration, Aviation, 
seven bureaus, each with a trained Banking and Currency, Charities 
force of men who are specialists and Welfare, Conventions and 
in their lines, and through twenty- Exhibitions, Delaware River 
nine committees. The latter cover Bridge, Educational, Entertain- 
virtually every ramification of ment, Executive, Finance, Fire, 
the city's life. These committees Foreign Trade, Good Roads, 
comprise men who have long Harbor and Navigation, Industrial 
studied the particular problems Relations Committee, Legislation, 
that fall within their scope. Membership, Merchant Marine, 

The breadth of its work is MunicipalAffairs,Publicity,Public 

shown by some of the tasks it Utilities, Retail Merchants, Taxa- 

has performed, such as the better- tion and Postal Affairs, Trade Ex- 

ment of industrial relationships, pansion,Traffic and Transportation. 



METROPOLITAN 
AND INDUSTRIAL 
PHILADELPHIA 

CHAPTER III 



THE RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS, PARKS, TRANSPOR- 
TATION FACILITIES, RECREATION GROUNDS, AND 
INSTITUTIONS WHICH MAKE UP THE MOST NO- 
TABLE SUBURBAN AREA IN THE UNITED STATES 



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jHEN all is said, a The city itself is of great extent, 

community is a occupying a territory that stretches 

place in which to twenty- three miles along the Dela- 

live, and its great- ware, and seven miles in depth, 

ness must be meas- Two majestic rivers wind 

ured by the opportunities which through and past it, with many 

it gives to its residents for living lovely tributary streams. Lying 

comfortably, economically and aboutitalmostinacircleisasweep 

completely. By such a standard, of glorious country rising gradually 

the metropolitan area of which westward toward the mountains. 

Philadelphia is the center is with- Within this suburban territory 

out an equal. are more than 2,000,000 people, 

^ and within forty miles of the City 

In natural beauty, in residential Hall there are more than 3,000,- 

development, in transportation 000. Virtually every family in the 

facilities and convenience, in the district, including those in the city 

number and variety of progres- itself,lives ma separate house, and a 

sive institutions, the Philadelphia great percentage of these families 

district is unique. own their homes. Tenements and 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



fiats have never invaded the "city 
of homes " successfully, while slums 
are almost unknown. 

The suburbs are the most 
famous m the United States, the 
envy of all other cities. One 
may ride through village after vil- 
lage and see row upon row of 
quiet, shady streets, with modern 
houses each with its generous 
plot of ground. There is no crowd' 
ing, no ugliness, no distortion. 
Whatever their income, the people 
who live in and about Philadelphia 
live normal lives in attractive sup 
roundings. 

Throughout the district, too, 
are hundreds of fine country 
homes and estates of great mag' 
nificence, built by the long'estab' 
lished wealth of Philadelphians. 

Excellent highways, many of 
them of historic origin, radiate in 
all directions and afford quick 
and pleasant access by automo- 
bile to every part of the district 
without the tedious detours neces- 
sary in the outskirts of so many 
large cities. Several railways and 
interurban systems give to the city 



and its suburbs rapid and conven- 
ient commutation in all directions. 

The earliest traditions of Wil- 
liam Penn and Benjamin Franklin 
still cling to the district and find 
expression in a multitude of insti' 
tutions for the advancement of 
the public well-being. 

Many colleges and schools of 
national importance, museums, 
charitable and scientific organi- 
sations are found within a few 
miles of the city in which were 
first proclaimed the doctrines of 
liberty, tolerance and the right of 
every American to culture as well 
as comfort. 

Philadelphia has always spent 
money freely upon education, 
science and the arts, and has made 
the benefits available not to the 
fortunate few, but to the entire 
population. 

The city has been equally 
generous in providing recreation 
and the means for maintaining 
the well-being of the people. 
Within the city limits is Fair- 
mount Park, the largest city par\ 
in America, and one which is 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



undoubtedly used with less sense fringes, the Philadelphia metro- 

of restraint and by more persons politan district represents the 

than any park in the world. Sports highest ideal obtainable in modern 

flourish throughout the entire dis- community life, 

trict. The rivers in summer are To the prospective resident it 

always dotted with pleasure craft promises freedom from the con- 

of all descriptions. There are gestion and inconvenience of 

dozens of beautiful country clubs, other large cities, and at the same 

and the finest public golf course in time the enjoyment of all the 

America. Upon the courts and advantages of a great metropolis, 

grounds about the city are played To the person seeking educa- 

important matches at tennis, tion it opens the doors of a 

cricket, polo, golf,and football. The score of universities, libraries, 

universities offer a constant pro- museums and other institutions 

gram of athletic events, while the of the first rank, 

records of Philadelphia's two For the visitor it has a rich 

major league clubs in the national store of historic associations and 

game requires no mention. every provision for recreation and 

^ amusement, and it is the gateway 

For every class of the popular t0 the natlon,s greatest shore 

tion there is ample opportunity resort ' Atlantlc ^ 

to live comfortably, to find profit- To the business man seeing a 

able employment, congenial rec- OT <*rfct for his goods it presents 

reation and education at the untold opportunity. 

least cost. In the pages which follow are 

This is the secret of Philadel- pictured a few of the many build- 

phia's possession of the greatest ings and scenes in and about 

body of highly paid skilled labor Philadelphia which the visitor will 

ever gathered into one commu- be interested to see, and which in- 

nity. With a highly developed dicate the success with which the 

industrial city at its core, and city has fulfilled the ambition of its 

some of the most fertile agricul- founder — "to build a to wne which 

tural land in America at its outer will always be wholesome." 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE WATERFRONT AND ITS DOCKS 

Philadelphia is an Important Seaport 



FIFTY-FIVE miles from the 
ocean on the Delaware River, 
Philadelphia is the only fresh 
water port on the Atlantic Coast. 
It has a 35-foot channel to the 
sea, and millions of dollars have 
been expended in recent years in 
improving the harbor. 

Steamships clear from Philadel- 
phia to all the major ports of the 
globe. 

There are more than 30 miles 
of improved water front and more 
than 250 wharves and docks. A 
belt line railway, operated jointly 
by three trunk line railroads, and 
well -equipped marine terminals 
afford prompt and economical 



means of handling the huge volume 
of commerce, which amounts to 
more than a billion dollars annually . 

With extraordinary deposits of 
iron and coal near by, with ample 
rail facilities, and with deep water 
transportation at their doors, 
Philadelphia manufacturers are in 
strategic position to challenge the 
world's best competition — and 
they do so successfully. 

The new Southwark Piers are 
the first completed steps in a vast 
project of development which 
will call for an expenditure of 
$20,000,000 and which will raise 
Philadelphia to still higher rank 
in international trade. 





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DELAWARE RIVER BRIDGE 



THE culmination of many 
years of effort became reality 
when, on January 6, 1922, the 
Governors of Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey, the Mayors of Phila- 
delphia and Camden, together 
with thousands of residents of 
both States and cities, gathered at 
the edge of the Delaware River, 
between Race and Vine Streets, 
actually to break ground for the 
Delaware River Bridge. 

This largest of all suspension 
bridges will be completed, it is 
contemplated, in July of the 
Sesqui-Centennial Year, 1926. 

The estimated cost of the bridge 
is $28,871,000, exclusive of prop- 
erty damages and cost of widen- 
ing approaches, which are 
approximately another $7,000,000. 

It will directly connect Frank- 
lin Square, in Philadelphia, with 
Pearl Street, in Camden, provid- 
ing the long-needed facilities for 
rapid and convenient vehicular 
transportation between the two 
cities. 

The extreme width of the bridge 
is 125 feet 6 inches, providing 
space for six lines of vehicular 



traffic and four car lines. Two 
ten-foot walks are provided for 
pedestrians. 

The main span of the bridge is 
1750 feet between towers. The 
Williamsburg Bridge has a span 
of 1600 feet, the Brooklyn Bridge 
a span of 1596 feet ; therefore, the 
Delaware River Bridge surpasses 
by 1 50 feet the longest suspension 
bridge in the world. 

The clearance above high tide 
level is 135 feet for the central 
800 feet of the span, permitting any 
vessel now in the United States 
Navy to pass under the bridge. 

The span will be suspended 
on the two-cable design, using 
cables of thirty-inch diameter. 
Each cable will contain 16,500 
wires, 192 inches in diameter, 
made up in sixty-one strands, 
bound together and wrapped with 
serving wire, and fastened at 
every twenty and one-half feet 
with a cast-steel saddle, over which 
four galvanized wire ropes, 2-S 
inches in diameter each, will be 
hung to carry the mammoth sus- 
pended structure and its traffic 
burdens. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE ELEVATED AND THE FERRIES 
Philadelphia Has Exceptional Transportation Facilities 



NO small part of the fame of 
the Philadelphia metropoli- 
tan district is due to its transpor- 
tation facilities. 

There is no other large city whose 
suburbs are brought so close, and 
whose wor\ers reach their homes so 
quictyy and easily. 

The several railways, with sta- 
tions at the very center of the city, 
maintain rapid and frequent sub' 
urban services, one of them elec- 
trified. 

High speed electric interurban 
lines radiate in all directions over 
private rights of way. Through 
the heart of the city there are sub- 
ways, including the recently com- 



pleted Frankford Subway and 
"L," to take care of the fast- 
growing traffic of the expanding 
city. Outside the business sec- 
tion the subway trains run upon 
elevated tracks and at the water 
front connect with the ferries to 
New Jersey. 

Soon the great new suspension 
bridge spanning the Delaware 
will lighten the ever-increasing 
traffic burdens of the ferries. This 
will be the largest expansion bridge 
in the world, and 145 feet longer 
than the Williamsburg bridge in 
New York. It will have a capacity 
of 5000 automobiles and 3000 elec 
trie cars an hour. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE GREATEST PARK IN AMERICA 

The City from Belmont Mansion 



FAIRMOUNT PARK is the 
largest city park in America 
and the most beautiful in the 
world. 

It covers 3500 acres of rolling 
country, extending for miles along 
both sides of the Schuylkill River 
and reaching almost to the center 
of the city. To natural scenery 
of great majesty has been added 
the art of man. There are many 
miles of excellent roads, rustic 
walks and shady bridle paths. 
Groves, ponds, playgrounds, ten- 
nis courts, boat houses, ball fields 
give recreation to people of all 
ages and inclinations. 

Probably no city park is so 
freely used. An accurate count 
has shown that 3,000,000 pedes' 
trians and 1,600,000 vehicles have 
entered its gates in one year. 

Among the most famous drives 
in the country is this boulevard 
along the Wissahickon, in Fair- 
mount Park. 

The narrow river winds over 
a rocky bed, between sheer cliffs, 



densely wooded. At each turn 
of the road new vistas are pre- 
sented, and far up the ravine is 
crossed by a lofty bridge, high 
above the tree-tops, from which 
magnificent views may be seen. 

Along the banks are picnic 
groves and quiet paths for pedes- 
trians and riders, while the river 
itself is ideal for canoeing. 

Not least of the charms of 
Fairmount Park are its facilities 
for boating of all kinds. 

At the foot of Lemon Hill, on 
the East Drive, is the row of 
attractive stone boathouses main- 
tained by a doz,en or more clubs, 
known as the " Schuylkill Navy." 

From early spring to winter 
these clubs send out the shells, 
canoes and other craft which dot 
the river for many miles. 

Frequent rowing contests are 
held on the course afforded by 
the broad, smooth stream at this 
point. Among these are impor- 
tant intercollegiate races, which 
attract thousands of spectators. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE PARKWAY 

Leading Directly into the Center of the City 



FEW cities are as fortunate as 
Philadelphia in the accessi' 
bility of their great parks. Thanks 
to the foresight of earlier gener- 
ations, and to the energy and 
wisdom of the present generation, 
Philadelphia not only has the 
greatest park in America, but 
now has direct and immediate 
access to that park from the very 
center of the city. 

The new Parkway leads from 
City Hall into Fairmount Park. 
With the courage of progressiveness, 
the city has leveled old buildings 
over a broad area, widened streets, 



and created a broad boulevard. 
This magnificent thoroughfare 
eventually will be bordered by 
many notable buildings. At the 
far end will stand the Art 
Museum, and on Logan Square 
a great new library. 

The plans also contemplate a 
Convention Hall and Municipal 
Auditorium, a Soldiers and Sailors 
Monument, and other fine struc 
tures. 

By this route one is able to 
reach Fairmount Park in five 
minutes by automobile from Broad 
Street. 



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of the city at t 'ity Hall square into the greatest municipal park in the world in less thanfive minutes 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE ROOSEVELT BOULEVARD 

The Entrance to the City from the l^orth 



THOSE who are so fortunate 
as to leave New York and 
come to Philadelphia enter the 
city, if they come by automobile, 
over the great new Roosevelt 
Boulevard. 

It is a part of the Lincoln High' 
way route. With four broad 
roadways, separated by rows of 
trees and lawn and magnifi- 
cently paved and brightly lighted, 
this boulevard stretches away 
from Broad Street many miles to 
the northeast. 

It is typical of Philadelphia 
enterprise and thoroughness, and 
representative of the many auto' 



mobile roads which radiate from 
the city in all directions. The 
famous system of turnpikes with 
which the early Pennsylvanians 
opened up this fertile territory 
is rapidly developing into a net- 
work of highways that delight 
the tourist. Many of the old 
toll roads have been taken over 
by the State and made free to all. 
There are few great cities that 
are reached so quictyy and com' 
fortably by automobile from all 
directions, or whose surround' 
ings offer so wide a variety of 
beautiful motor trips, short or 
long. 






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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



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A CITY WITHOUT A SLUM 

Philadelphia Has Close Upon 400,000 Separate Homes 



THE greatest fame of Phila- 
delphia is expressed by its 
title, "The City of Homes." 

There could be no fact more 
indicative of the contentment, 
comfort, health and prosperity of 
its people. 

Within the city limits there are 
close to 40o,oooseparate residences. 
A brief calculation, comparing this 
with the population, will show 
that virtually every family in 
Philadelphia lives in its own indi- 
vidual home. There are no slums. 
There are practically no flats. 
New York, by contrast, has 
3,500,000 people living in tene- 
ments and apartments, and can 
boast of less than 125,000 one- 
family houses. Philadelphia has 
three times that number of one 
family houses. 



Most of these Philadelphia 
houses are of two or three stories, 
and only 13,000 are of frame 
construction; the rest, brick and 
stone. 

Still more significant is the fact 
that 125,000 of these houses are 
owned by the families who occupy 
them. Building and loan associ' 
ations have conspired with the 
natural thrift and energy of 
Philadelphians to make this 
ideal condition possible. 

It was in Philadelphia that the 
idea of such organizations origi' 
nated, and Philadelphia has carried 
out the idea to the fullest and 
most practical point. There are 
today more than a thousand of 
these associations in the city, and 
no family with the desire for a 
home of its own need lack for one. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 




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THE FINEST SUBURBS IN THE UNITED STATES 

The Metropolitan District of Philadelphia Has 7S[o Rival 



IN one particular, no American 
city ever seeks to challenge 
the supremacy of Philadelphia. 
The suburbs of Philadelphia 
are acknowledged to be the finest 
iyi the United States — in extent, 
in beauty, m facilities for com' 
fortable living at moderate cost, 
and in accessibility from the 
center of the city. 

Within the city limits in some 
directions, and immediately out- 
side in others, lie the most charm- 
ing residential districts that can be 
found anywhere in America. 

In fifteen minutes on the elec- 
trified railroads, or in half an hour 
by trolley or automobile, one may 
reach a score of different towns 
and villages. Most of these have 
all the advantages of city service 
— excellent schools, churches, 



stores and clubs, good roads, water 
and other utilities —combined with 
quiet surroundings and a distinct 
democratic community life. 

The famous Main Line suburbs 
extend along the Pennsylvania 
Railroad toward the west, one 
after another, for twenty miles, 
while on the Reading and to the 
southwest are a dozen other 
localities, each with its own 
worthy claim upon the affections 
of the commuter and the admira- 
tion of the visitor. 

No person, whatever his means, 
need live inside the city unless he 
cares to do so, for among these 
suburbs it is possible to find one 
adapted to any pocket-book, or 
easily reached from any place of 
employment down town or in the 
industrial districts. 




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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



MAGNIFICENT COUNTRY ESTATES 

Testifying to the Wealth of Philadelphia 



IT is testimony not only to 
the extraordinary beauty of 
the country about Philadelphia, 
but also to its great wealth, that 
there are within a radius of a few 
miles so many magnificent resi- 
dences and country estates. 

From the earliest days, when 
William Penn chose for himself a 
homestead overlooking the river, 
on a spot then far from the busy 
town, Philadelphians have taken 
full advantage of the lovely sur- 
roundings of their city — the roll- 
ing hills, the woods, the great 
rivers, the sparkling creeks and 
broad meadow-lands. 

Most city folk must go many 
miles before they find room or 
inclination to build a country 
home. Not so the fortunate Phila- 



delphians. There are places of 
many acres, with outlooks unsur- 
passed by any rural scenery, and 
many of them with the finest of 
farm land about them — and not 
a one but can be reached by 
train or automobile from the city 
in less than an hour. 

These estates reflect the sub- 
stantial character of the fortunes 
which have been built up by the 
merchants, manufacturers and 
financiers of Philadelphia. Many 
of them belong to families whose 
wealth dates back for generations, 
some even beyond the Revolution. 

On the pages immediately foV 
lowing are pictured several char- 
acteristic homes among the many 
which the visitor to Philadelphia 
will wish to see. 





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HORTICULTURAL HALL 

Containing the Finest Collections in America 



IN Fairmount Park still stand 
two of the buildings that 
housed the Centennial Exposition 
in 1876, an event which marked 
the beginning of a new era of 
American development in many 
directions. 

One of these buildings is the 
great Horticultural Hall. Here 
may still be seen the trees, ferns and 
other tropical plants which were 
a feature of the Exposition. Ad' 



ditions at frequent intervals have 
given to Philadelphia the finest 
collections of plants and flowers 
in the United States. The con' 
servatory is 55 feet high and 
230 feet long. 

In summer the grounds outside 
the building are brilliant with 
hundreds of varieties of flowers, 
trees and shrubs. Near by is an 
exquisite reproduction of a Jap' 
anese garden. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 




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ONE OF THE WORLD'S FOREMOST MUSEUMS 

The Academy of J^latural Sciences 



STUDENTS of natural science 
in every civilized country are 
familiar with the wonders of this 
Philadelphia museum. 

Founded in 1812, it is the oldest 
institution of its character in 
America. It contains large and 
important collections of mounted 
birds and animals. Its 100,000 
specimens of marine shells are the 
finest and most complete in exist' 
ence. The collections of butter- 
flies are the largest in the United 
States, while the botanic, archae- 



ological and fossilized exhibits are 
among the best. 

In addition to the museum, the 
society maintains an exceptional 
scientific library of 50,000 volumes, 
including many rich antiquaria, 
and conducts courses of lectures 
on natural history. 

The publications of the society 
have an international circulation 
among naturalists of the first rank, 
who look upon this Philadelphia 
organization as among the most 
authoritative m the world. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 







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THE NEW LIBRARY 

Being Erected on the Parkway 



l"T was in Philadelphia that the 
-*- first circulating public library 
in America was established, 
under the leadership of Benjamin 
Franklin. 

It is therefore appropriate that 
the city should have one of the 
finest library buildings in the 
world. 

The building illustrated on 
this page is being erected for 
the Free Library of Philadelphia, 



on Logan Square, facing the new 
Parkway. 

The library at present is housed 
at Thirteenth and Locust Streets, 
with many branches throughout 
the city. It contains more than 
160,000 volumes. 

When the new building on the 
Parkway is completed, it will be 
one of a group of buildings con- 
stituting one of the most remark^ 
able civic centers in America. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



LEAGUE ISLAND NAVY YARD 

One of the Rations Greatest T^laval Stations 



PHILADELPHIA was the 
birthplace of the American 
Navy, and today the Govern' 
ment maintains, at the southern 
end of Broad Street, one of its 
chief naval stations. 

The dry dock at the League 
Island Yard is one of the largest 
on the coast. There are exten- 
sive shops for building and 
repairing naval vessels, and the 
great basin has the advantage of 
fresh water, so that vessels can 



lie for long periods if necessary 
without becoming fouled. 

This yard, always active in 
times of peace, took on new 
importance during the world war. 
At the extensive marine barracks 
thousands of recruits were trained 
and many ships overhauled and 
put in condition to carry troops 
to France. The largest naval air- 
craft factory in the world was 
erected here in a few months' time, 
at a cost of $1,000,000. 




METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE COMMERCIAL MUSEUM 
A Unique Institution for Promoting American Business 



THE Philadelphia Commercial 
Museum is the only institution 
of its kind in the United States. 

Its object is to promote American 
business, particularly overseas. 

In its three large buildings are 
gathered raw materials and manu' 
factured products from every 
country. By studying them 
the exporter may learn of the 
foreign markets for his own 
goods, and the importer may dis- 
cover unsuspected sources of the 
materials which he needs. 

A large library, including a list 
of 400,000 business houses in all 
parts of the world, is kept up to 
date. Weekly export bulletins 



and a monthly trade journal are 
issued, educational lectures given, 
translation of foreign correspond- 
ence made and scientific analyses 
and tests carried on constantly. 

Business men not only in Phila- 
delphia, but throughout the coun- 
try, make constant and practical 
use of these facilities. The 
schools and colleges take advan- 
tage of the remarkable collections 
to educate young men and women 
in commercial subjects. 

This is but one of the agencies 
by which Philadelphia enterprise 
and thoroughness are contributing 
to the advancement of American 



commerce. 




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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



A GREAT ART MUSEUM 

Part of the Future Development 7s[oif Under Construction 



IN art Philadelphia has long 
held leadership. It is the home 
of the oldest art institution m 
America, and the annual exhibr- 
tion of the Academy is the 
most important artistic event of 
the year. The staff of the Academy 
includes several of the country's 
most talented instructors, and 
many of the best painters and 
sculptors obtained their training 
there. 
The eminence of Philadelphia 



in the field of art will be further 
emphasized upon the completion 
of the new Art Museum, which 
is to stand at the head of the 
new Parkway. The illustration 
on the page opposite was drawn 
from the plans and models which 
are already prepared. 

This building, with its magnifi- 
cent surroundings and approaches, 
will be perhaps the most notable 
of the many fine structures which 
will surround the Parkway. 




The Washington Monument 




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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

A Few of Its Seventy Buildings 



FOUNDED in 1749, through 
the influence of Benjamin 
Franklin, the University of Penn- 
sylvania has graduated more 
students than any other Ameri- 
can University, except Harvard. 

Thus the liberal culture fostered 
from the earliest days by Phila- 
delphia has been carried to the 
limits of the continent, and has 
deeply influenced the advance of 
American education. Graduates 
from this institution were among 
the signers, both of the Declara- 
tion of Independence and of the 
Constitution, and ever since, 
Pennsylvania men have been at 
the forefront of every great pro' 
gressive movement. 

With schools of law, medicine, 



dentistry, science, finance, archi- 
tecture, philosophy and other 
branches of learning, the Univer- 
sity has a wide field of activity. 
The famous Medico-Chirurgical 
College has been merged with the 
medical school. 

The museums are particularly 
rich. In the archaeological 
museum is an exceptional collec- 
tion of Babylonian and Egyptian 
exhibits, including the only sphinx 
ever brought to America. 

The University is but one of 
the numerous educational insti- 
tutions of note in the Philadel- 
phia district. Within a few 
miles of the city are Haverford, 
Villa Nova, Swarthmore, and 
Bryn Mawr colleges. 





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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



GIRARD COLLEGE 

One of the World's Most J^otable Endowments 



T)ROBABLY the most extraor- 
■*- dinary philanthropy in the 
world is Girard College. It was 
founded in 1832 by the will of 
Stephen Girard, the wealthiest 
man of his time. He left most 
of his fortune of $7,000,000 to 
endow this institution for the 
education of orphan boys. 

It is remarkable testimony to 
the integrity with which the vast 
fund has been administered by 
the city, which under Girard's 
will was made trustee, that in all 
these years there has never been 
even a whisper of irregularity or 



incompetence. Thousands of 
boys have been supported and 
schooled. Great sums have been 
spent for buildings and equipment. 
Yet in spite of these expenditures, 
the endowment has increased to 
six times its original value, through 
wise and progressive management. 
There are 1600 students, and a 
long waiting list. The seventeen 
buildings of the college cover an 
area of forty acres. The main 
building, dating from the earliest 
days of the institution, is a mas' 
sive structure of white marble, a 
reproduction of the Parthenon. 




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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 







BRYN MAWR COLLEGE 

A T^otable Institution for Women 



AMONG women's colleges, 
^ j^ Bryn Mawr stands a leader 
because of its insistence upon high 
scholarship. 

It was opened in 1895, and is 
situated in the suburb of Bryn 
Mawr, ten miles from the city 
hall. 

Its course and method of study 
were early shaped after the uni- 
versity model, with an elective 



system, insistence upon original 
research, and with the students 
grouped according to work actu- 
ally accomplished, instead of arbi- 
trarily in classes. For this reason 
the college has had great influence 
upon the progress of education 
for women generally. 

There are several hundred 
students. The buildings and 
campus are unusually distinctive. 



METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 



PHILADELPHIA LEADS IN MEDICINE 

The Pennsylvania Hospital 



EVER since it established the 
first medical school, the first 
school of anatomy and the first 
hospital in America, Philadelphia 
has been a leader in medical 
training and research and in 
equipment for the care of the sick. 
The Pennsylvania Hospital was 
chartered in 1750, with Benjamin 
Franklin on the board of man- 
agers. In the words cut on the 
corner stone, " Philadelphia flour- 
ishing (for its inhabitants were 
public spirited), by the bounty of 
the government and of many 
private persons, this building was 
founded for the relief of the sick 
and the miserable." 



The building, finely propor- 
tioned, with a dignity befitting 
its purpose and its antiquity, has 
had a continuous record of 
service for a century and a half. 

Among other famous institu- 
tions are Hahnemann Medical 
College, Jefferson Medical College 
and several schools and hospitals 
connected with the University 
of Pennsylvania. In dental and 
pharmaceutical training, Philadel- 
phia holds equally high rank. 

From every part of the world, 
men and women come to Phila- 
delphia for skilled training in the 
arts of relieving suffering and pre' 
serving life. 




METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 




A PHILANTHROPY TYPICAL OF PHILADELPHIA 

The VJidener Memorial Training School for Crippled Children 



HPHE name of the city means 
-*- " brotherly love," and in no 
respect does the Philadelphia of 
today more completely fulfill the 
purposes of its founders than in 
its altruism. 

Practical humanity persists and 
finds expression in scores of insti' 
tutions for the care of the unfop 
tunate. 

The Widener Memorial 
School, founded and endowed 
by P. A. B. Widener, is de- 
voted to the treatment and 



education of crippled boys and 
girls. 

The beauty and extent of the 
buildings and their surroundings 
are expressive of the spirit in 
which the work is conducted. 

In every time of emergency, 
national or local, Philadelphia is 
quick to give out of its vast wealth 
for the relief of suffering and the 
spread of happiness, and mean' 
while, from day to day, it takes 
heed for its own, generously, 
wisely and efficiently. 




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METROPOLITAN AND INDUSTRIAL 

WILLOW GROVE, THE FINEST OF PLEASURE PARKS 

" The Summer Musical Capital of America " 



THOSE who believe that one 
amusement park is just like 
another should see Willow Grove 
and be converted. 

Like almost anything else that 
touches on the health, comfort 
or recreation of the public, 
" they do these things better in 
Philadelphia." 

This is the most attractive 
pleasure park in the United 
States. It includes not only the 
familiar amusements that delight 
all children, whether grown-up 
or not, but other features that 
are unique and characteristically 
Philadelphian. 

Its great out'door amphitheatre, 
for example, has won for it the 
title *The Summer Musical 



is 



Capital of America." In th 
amphitheatre, seating four or five 
times as many people as the usual 
theatre, hundreds of thousands 
hear concerts of the world's best 
music performed by the finest 
American bands and orchestras. 
Famous conductors deem it the 
highest compliment to be invited 
to lead at Willow Grove. John 
Philip Sousa has said, *V*fillow 
Grove is a cause for congratula' 
tion for every American who takes 
an interest in the art development 
of our country." 

The entire park is laid out in a 
consistent scheme of picturesque- 
ness and good taste. In one of the 
lakes there is an electric fountain, 
built at a cost of $100,000. 




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ATLANTIC CITY, THE MAGNIFICENT 

Philadelphia is the Gateway to the Worlds Greatest Resort 



OTHER cities claim great 
summer resorts or great 
winter resorts, but Philadelphia 
has near at hand the one most 
famous all-the-year-round resort 
in the world. 

Atlantic City needs no descrip- 
tion, for millions of Americans 
know intimately its vast amuse- 
ment piers, jutting into the ocean, 
its magnificent hotels, its broad 
boardwalk, along which stream 
month after month the most 
brilliant and cosmopolitan throngs 
that are to be seen anywhere on 
this continent. 

Built on an island, surrounded 
by salt water, it has an even 



temperature and invigorating air 
that draw seekers of health and 
pleasure, in season and out. Often 
in mid'summer it contains as many 
as half a million people in one 
day. 

It is little more than an hour's 
ride from Philadelphia, and 
many business men make the 
round trip daily throughout the 
summer. 

All tickets to Atlantic City from 
the West and South carry the 
privilege of stop-over at Philadel- 
phia. The visitor to either of the 
two. cities misses a large part of 
his pleasure if he does not stop at 
both. 



ILLUSTRATIONS BY 

JAMES PRESTON, VERNON HOWE BAILEY 

AND LOUIS H. RUYL 



DESIGNED, ENGRAVED, AND PRINTED BY 

THE BECK ENGRAVING CO. 

PHILADELPHIA 



